feat: 0.6.0 — 事务/版本化/类型化/inject/run

- 写路径事务化：add/update/delete 与 audit 同事务，update CAS 并发保护
- 版本化与回滚：secrets_history 表、version 字段、history/rollback 命令
- 类型化字段：key:=<json> 支持数字、布尔、数组、对象
- 临时 env 模式：inject 输出 KEY=VALUE，run 向子进程注入
- inject/run 至少需一个过滤条件；search -o env 使用 shell_quote；JSON 输出含 version

Made-with: Cursor

AGENTS.md

@@ -10,17 +10,19 @@ secrets/
     main.rs              # CLI 入口，clap 命令定义，auto-migrate，--verbose 全局参数
     output.rs            # OutputMode 枚举 + TTY 检测（TTY→text，非 TTY→json-compact）
     config.rs            # 配置读写：~/.config/secrets/config.toml（database_url）
-    db.rs                # PgPool 创建 + 建表/索引（幂等，含 audit_log + kv_config）
+    db.rs                # PgPool 创建 + 建表/索引（幂等，含 audit_log + kv_config + secrets_history）
     crypto.rs            # AES-256-GCM 加解密、Argon2id 派生、OS 钥匙串
-    models.rs            # Secret 结构体（sqlx::FromRow + serde）
+    models.rs            # Secret 结构体（sqlx::FromRow + serde，含 version 字段）
-    audit.rs             # 审计写入：向 audit_log 表记录所有写操作
+    audit.rs             # 审计写入：log_tx（事务内）/ log（池，保留备用）
     commands/
       init.rs            # init 命令：主密钥初始化（每台设备一次）
-      add.rs             # add 命令：upsert，支持 --meta key=value / --secret key=@file / -o json
+      add.rs             # add 命令：upsert，事务化，含历史快照，支持 key:=json 类型化值
       config.rs          # config 命令：set-db / show / path（持久化 database_url）
-      search.rs          # search 命令：多条件查询，-f/-o/--summary/--limit/--offset/--sort
+      search.rs          # search 命令：多条件查询，公开 fetch_rows / build_env_map
-      delete.rs          # delete 命令
+      delete.rs          # delete 命令：事务化，含历史快照
-      update.rs          # update 命令：增量更新（合并 tags/metadata/encrypted）
+      update.rs          # update 命令：增量更新，CAS 并发保护，含历史快照
+      rollback.rs        # rollback / history 命令：版本回滚与历史查看
+      run.rs             # inject / run 命令：临时环境变量注入
   scripts/
     setup-gitea-actions.sh  # 配置 Gitea Actions 变量与 Secrets
   .gitea/workflows/
@@ -46,12 +48,30 @@ secrets (
   tags        TEXT[]        NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}', -- 灵活标签: ["aliyun","hongkong"]
   metadata    JSONB         NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}', -- 明文描述: ip, desc, domains, location...
   encrypted   BYTEA         NOT NULL DEFAULT '\x', -- AES-256-GCM 密文: nonce(12B)||ciphertext+tag
+  version     BIGINT        NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,    -- 乐观锁版本号，每次写操作自增
   created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ   NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
   updated_at  TIMESTAMPTZ   NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
   UNIQUE(namespace, kind, name)
 )
 ```
 
+```sql
+secrets_history (
+  id          BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+  secret_id   UUID         NOT NULL,   -- 对应 secrets.id
+  namespace   VARCHAR(64)  NOT NULL,
+  kind        VARCHAR(64)  NOT NULL,
+  name        VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
+  version     BIGINT       NOT NULL,   -- 被快照时的版本号
+  action      VARCHAR(16)  NOT NULL,   -- 'add' | 'update' | 'delete' | 'rollback'
+  tags        TEXT[]       NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+  metadata    JSONB        NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+  encrypted   BYTEA        NOT NULL DEFAULT '\x', -- 快照时的加密密文
+  actor       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ  NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+)
+```
+
 ```sql
 kv_config (
   key   TEXT PRIMARY KEY,   -- 如 'argon2_salt'
@@ -224,6 +244,13 @@ secrets add -n refining --kind service --name gitea \
 secrets add -n ricnsmart --kind service --name mqtt \
   -m host=mqtt.ricnsmart.com -m port=1883 \
   -s password=@./mqtt_password.txt
+
+# 使用类型化值（key:=<json>）存储非字符串类型
+secrets add -n refining --kind service --name prometheus \
+  -m scrape_interval:=15 \
+  -m enabled:=true \
+  -m labels:='["prod","metrics"]' \
+  -s api_key=abc123
 ```
 
 ---
@@ -284,6 +311,98 @@ secrets delete -n ricnsmart --kind server --name i-old-server-id
 
 ---
 
+### history — 查看变更历史
+
+```bash
+# 参数说明
+#   -n / --namespace   refining | ricnsmart
+#   --kind             server | service
+#   --name             记录名
+#   --limit            返回条数（默认 20）
+
+# 查看某条记录的历史版本列表
+secrets history -n refining --kind service --name gitea
+
+# 查最近 5 条
+secrets history -n refining --kind service --name gitea --limit 5
+
+# JSON 输出
+secrets history -n refining --kind service --name gitea -o json
+```
+
+---
+
+### rollback — 回滚到指定版本
+
+```bash
+# 参数说明
+#   -n / --namespace     refining | ricnsmart
+#   --kind               server | service
+#   --name               记录名
+#   --to-version <N>     目标版本号（省略则恢复最近一次快照）
+
+# 撤销上次修改（回滚到最近一次快照）
+secrets rollback -n refining --kind service --name gitea
+
+# 回滚到版本 3
+secrets rollback -n refining --kind service --name gitea --to-version 3
+```
+
+---
+
+### inject — 输出临时环境变量
+
+敏感值仅打印到 stdout，不持久化、不写入当前 shell。
+
+```bash
+# 参数说明
+#   -n / --namespace   refining | ricnsmart
+#   --kind             server | service
+#   --name             记录名
+#   --tag              按 tag 过滤（可重复）
+#   --prefix           变量名前缀（留空则以记录 name 作前缀）
+#   -o / --output      text（默认 KEY=VALUE）| json | json-compact
+
+# 打印单条记录的所有变量（KEY=VALUE 格式）
+secrets inject -n refining --kind service --name gitea
+
+# 自定义前缀
+secrets inject -n refining --kind service --name gitea --prefix GITEA
+
+# JSON 格式（适合管道或脚本解析）
+secrets inject -n refining --kind service --name gitea -o json
+
+# eval 注入当前 shell（谨慎使用）
+eval $(secrets inject -n refining --kind service --name gitea)
+```
+
+---
+
+### run — 向子进程注入 secrets 并执行命令
+
+secrets 仅作用于子进程环境，不修改当前 shell，进程退出码透传。
+
+```bash
+# 参数说明
+#   -n / --namespace   refining | ricnsmart
+#   --kind             server | service
+#   --name             记录名
+#   --tag              按 tag 过滤（可重复）
+#   --prefix           变量名前缀
+#   -- <command>       执行的命令及参数
+
+# 向脚本注入单条记录的 secrets
+secrets run -n refining --kind service --name gitea -- ./deploy.sh
+
+# 按 tag 批量注入（多条记录合并）
+secrets run --tag production -- env | grep -i token
+
+# 验证注入了哪些变量
+secrets run -n refining --kind service --name gitea -- printenv
+```
+
+---
+
 ### config — 配置管理（无需主密钥）
 
 ```bash
@@ -366,6 +485,7 @@ cargo fmt -- --check && cargo clippy -- -D warnings && cargo test
 - 新版本自动打 Tag（格式 `secrets-<version>`）并上传二进制到 Gitea Release
 - 通知：飞书 Webhook（`vars.WEBHOOK_URL`）
 - 所需 secrets/vars：`RELEASE_TOKEN`（Release 上传，Gitea PAT）、`vars.WEBHOOK_URL`（通知，可选）
+- **注意**：Gitea Actions 的 Secret/Variable 创建时，`data`/`value` 字段需传入**原始值**，不要使用 base64 编码
 
 ## 环境变量
 

Cargo.lock

@@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@ checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "secrets"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.6.0"
 dependencies = [
  "aes-gcm",
  "anyhow",

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "secrets"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.6.0"
 edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]

README.md

@@ -202,5 +202,6 @@ scripts/
 
 - `RELEASE_TOKEN`（Secret）：Gitea PAT，用于创建 Release 上传二进制
 - `WEBHOOK_URL`（Variable）：飞书通知，可选
+- **注意**：Secret/Variable 的 `data`/`value` 字段需传入原始值，不要 base64 编码
 
 详见 [AGENTS.md](AGENTS.md)。

scripts/setup-gitea-actions.sh

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 #   - secrets.RELEASE_TOKEN  (必选) Release 上传用，值为 Gitea PAT
 #   - vars.WEBHOOK_URL       (可选) 飞书通知
 #
-# 注意: Gitea 不允许 secret/variable 名以 GITEA_ 或 GITHUB_ 开头，故使用 RELEASE_TOKEN
+# 注意:
+#   - Gitea 不允许 secret/variable 名以 GITEA_ 或 GITHUB_ 开头，故使用 RELEASE_TOKEN
+#   - Secret/Variable 的 data/value 字段需传入原始值，不要使用 base64 编码
 #
 # 用法:
 #   1. 从 ~/.config/gitea/config.env 读取 GITEA_URL, GITEA_TOKEN, GITEA_WEBHOOK_URL
@@ -108,11 +110,13 @@ echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
 echo ""
 
 # 1. 创建 Secret: RELEASE_TOKEN
+# 注意: Gitea Actions API 的 data 字段需传入原始值，不要使用 base64 编码
 echo "1. 创建 Secret: RELEASE_TOKEN"
+secret_payload=$(jq -n --arg t "$GITEA_TOKEN" '{data: $t}')
 resp=$(curl -s -w "\n%{http_code}" -X PUT \
   -H "Authorization: token $GITEA_TOKEN" \
   -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-  -d "{\"data\":\"${GITEA_TOKEN}\"}" \
+  -d "$secret_payload" \
   "${API_BASE}/repos/${OWNER}/${REPO}/actions/secrets/RELEASE_TOKEN")
 http_code=$(echo "$resp" | tail -n1)
 body=$(echo "$resp" | sed '$d')
@@ -126,14 +130,16 @@ else
 fi
 
 # 2. 创建/更新 Variable: WEBHOOK_URL（可选）
+# 注意: Secret 和 Variable 均使用原始值，不要 base64 编码
 WEBHOOK_VALUE="${WEBHOOK_URL:-$GITEA_WEBHOOK_URL}"
 if [[ -n "$WEBHOOK_VALUE" ]]; then
   echo ""
   echo "2. 创建/更新 Variable: WEBHOOK_URL"
+  var_payload=$(jq -n --arg v "$WEBHOOK_VALUE" '{value: $v}')
   resp=$(curl -s -w "\n%{http_code}" -X POST \
     -H "Authorization: token $GITEA_TOKEN" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-    -d "{\"value\":\"${WEBHOOK_VALUE}\"}" \
+    -d "$var_payload" \
     "${API_BASE}/repos/${OWNER}/${REPO}/actions/variables/WEBHOOK_URL")
   http_code=$(echo "$resp" | tail -n1)
   body=$(echo "$resp" | sed '$d')
@@ -145,7 +151,7 @@ if [[ -n "$WEBHOOK_VALUE" ]]; then
     resp=$(curl -s -w "\n%{http_code}" -X PUT \
       -H "Authorization: token $GITEA_TOKEN" \
       -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-      -d "{\"value\":\"${WEBHOOK_VALUE}\"}" \
+      -d "$var_payload" \
       "${API_BASE}/repos/${OWNER}/${REPO}/actions/variables/WEBHOOK_URL")
     http_code=$(echo "$resp" | tail -n1)
     if [[ "$http_code" == "200" || "$http_code" == "204" ]]; then

src/audit.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,39 @@
-use anyhow::Result;
 use serde_json::Value;
-use sqlx::PgPool;
+use sqlx::{PgPool, Postgres, Transaction};
 
-/// Write an audit entry for a write operation. Failures are logged as warnings
+/// Write an audit entry within an existing transaction.
-/// and do not interrupt the main flow.
+pub async fn log_tx(
+    tx: &mut Transaction<'_, Postgres>,
+    action: &str,
+    namespace: &str,
+    kind: &str,
+    name: &str,
+    detail: Value,
+) {
+    let actor = std::env::var("USER").unwrap_or_default();
+    let result: Result<_, sqlx::Error> = sqlx::query(
+        "INSERT INTO audit_log (action, namespace, kind, name, detail, actor) \
+         VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6)",
+    )
+    .bind(action)
+    .bind(namespace)
+    .bind(kind)
+    .bind(name)
+    .bind(&detail)
+    .bind(&actor)
+    .execute(&mut **tx)
+    .await;
+
+    if let Err(e) = result {
+        tracing::warn!(error = %e, "failed to write audit log");
+    } else {
+        tracing::debug!(action, namespace, kind, name, actor, "audit logged");
+    }
+}
+
+/// Write an audit entry using the pool (fire-and-forget, non-fatal).
+/// Kept for future use or scenarios without an active transaction.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub async fn log(
     pool: &PgPool,
     action: &str,

src/commands/add.rs

@@ -4,13 +4,30 @@ use sqlx::PgPool;
 use std::fs;
 
 use crate::crypto;
+use crate::db;
 use crate::output::OutputMode;
 
-/// Parse "key=value" entries. Value starting with '@' reads from file.
+/// Parse "key=value" or "key:=<json>" entries.
-pub(crate) fn parse_kv(entry: &str) -> Result<(String, String)> {
+/// - `key=value`   → stores the literal string `value`
+/// - `key:=<json>` → parses `<json>` as a typed JSON value (number, bool, null, array, object)
+/// - `value=@file` → reads the file content as a string (only for `=` form)
+pub(crate) fn parse_kv(entry: &str) -> Result<(String, Value)> {
+    // Typed JSON form: key:=<json>
+    if let Some((key, json_str)) = entry.split_once(":=") {
+        let val: Value = serde_json::from_str(json_str).map_err(|e| {
+            anyhow::anyhow!(
+                "Invalid JSON value for key '{}': {} (use key=value for plain strings)",
+                key,
+                e
+            )
+        })?;
+        return Ok((key.to_string(), val));
+    }
+
+    // Plain string form: key=value or key=@file
     let (key, raw_val) = entry.split_once('=').ok_or_else(|| {
         anyhow::anyhow!(
-            "Invalid format '{}'. Expected: key=value or key=@file",
+            "Invalid format '{}'. Expected: key=value, key=@file, or key:=<json>",
             entry
         )
     })?;
@@ -22,14 +39,14 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_kv(entry: &str) -> Result<(String, String)> {
         raw_val.to_string()
     };
 
-    Ok((key.to_string(), value))
+    Ok((key.to_string(), Value::String(value)))
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn build_json(entries: &[String]) -> Result<Value> {
     let mut map = Map::new();
     for entry in entries {
         let (key, value) = parse_kv(entry)?;
-        map.insert(key, Value::String(value));
+        map.insert(key, value);
     }
     Ok(Value::Object(map))
 }
@@ -47,21 +64,72 @@ pub struct AddArgs<'a> {
 pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: AddArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<()> {
     let metadata = build_json(args.meta_entries)?;
     let secret_json = build_json(args.secret_entries)?;
-
-    // Encrypt the secret JSON before storing
     let encrypted_bytes = crypto::encrypt_json(master_key, &secret_json)?;
 
     tracing::debug!(args.namespace, args.kind, args.name, "upserting record");
 
+    let meta_keys: Vec<&str> = args
+        .meta_entries
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|s| s.split_once(['=', ':']).map(|(k, _)| k))
+        .collect();
+    let secret_keys: Vec<&str> = args
+        .secret_entries
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|s| s.split_once(['=', ':']).map(|(k, _)| k))
+        .collect();
+
+    let mut tx = pool.begin().await?;
+
+    // Snapshot existing row into history before overwriting (if it exists).
+    #[derive(sqlx::FromRow)]
+    struct ExistingRow {
+        id: uuid::Uuid,
+        version: i64,
+        tags: Vec<String>,
+        metadata: serde_json::Value,
+        encrypted: Vec<u8>,
+    }
+    let existing: Option<ExistingRow> = sqlx::query_as(
+        "SELECT id, version, tags, metadata, encrypted FROM secrets \
+         WHERE namespace = $1 AND kind = $2 AND name = $3",
+    )
+    .bind(args.namespace)
+    .bind(args.kind)
+    .bind(args.name)
+    .fetch_optional(&mut *tx)
+    .await?;
+
+    if let Some(ex) = existing
+        && let Err(e) = db::snapshot_history(
+            &mut tx,
+            db::SnapshotParams {
+                secret_id: ex.id,
+                namespace: args.namespace,
+                kind: args.kind,
+                name: args.name,
+                version: ex.version,
+                action: "add",
+                tags: &ex.tags,
+                metadata: &ex.metadata,
+                encrypted: &ex.encrypted,
+            },
+        )
+        .await
+    {
+        tracing::warn!(error = %e, "failed to snapshot history before upsert");
+    }
+
     sqlx::query(
         r#"
-        INSERT INTO secrets (namespace, kind, name, tags, metadata, encrypted, updated_at)
+        INSERT INTO secrets (namespace, kind, name, tags, metadata, encrypted, version, updated_at)
-        VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, NOW())
+        VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, 1, NOW())
         ON CONFLICT (namespace, kind, name)
         DO UPDATE SET
-            tags      = EXCLUDED.tags,
+            tags       = EXCLUDED.tags,
-            metadata  = EXCLUDED.metadata,
+            metadata   = EXCLUDED.metadata,
-            encrypted = EXCLUDED.encrypted,
+            encrypted  = EXCLUDED.encrypted,
+            version    = secrets.version + 1,
             updated_at = NOW()
         "#,
     )
@@ -71,22 +139,11 @@ pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: AddArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) -> Res
     .bind(args.tags)
     .bind(&metadata)
     .bind(&encrypted_bytes)
-    .execute(pool)
+    .execute(&mut *tx)
     .await?;
 
-    let meta_keys: Vec<&str> = args
+    crate::audit::log_tx(
-        .meta_entries
+        &mut tx,
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|s| s.split_once('=').map(|(k, _)| k))
-        .collect();
-    let secret_keys: Vec<&str> = args
-        .secret_entries
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|s| s.split_once('=').map(|(k, _)| k))
-        .collect();
-
-    crate::audit::log(
-        pool,
         "add",
         args.namespace,
         args.kind,
@@ -99,6 +156,8 @@ pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: AddArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) -> Res
     )
     .await;
 
+    tx.commit().await?;
+
     let result_json = json!({
         "action": "added",
         "namespace": args.namespace,

src/commands/delete.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,20 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
-use serde_json::json;
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use sqlx::PgPool;
+use sqlx::{FromRow, PgPool};
+use uuid::Uuid;
 
+use crate::db;
 use crate::output::OutputMode;
 
+#[derive(FromRow)]
+struct DeleteRow {
+    id: Uuid,
+    version: i64,
+    tags: Vec<String>,
+    metadata: Value,
+    encrypted: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
 pub async fn run(
     pool: &PgPool,
     namespace: &str,
@@ -13,15 +24,21 @@ pub async fn run(
 ) -> Result<()> {
     tracing::debug!(namespace, kind, name, "deleting record");
 
-    let result =
+    let mut tx = pool.begin().await?;
-        sqlx::query("DELETE FROM secrets WHERE namespace = $1 AND kind = $2 AND name = $3")
-            .bind(namespace)
-            .bind(kind)
-            .bind(name)
-            .execute(pool)
-            .await?;
 
-    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+    let row: Option<DeleteRow> = sqlx::query_as(
+        "SELECT id, version, tags, metadata, encrypted FROM secrets \
+         WHERE namespace = $1 AND kind = $2 AND name = $3 \
+         FOR UPDATE",
+    )
+    .bind(namespace)
+    .bind(kind)
+    .bind(name)
+    .fetch_optional(&mut *tx)
+    .await?;
+
+    let Some(row) = row else {
+        tx.rollback().await?;
         tracing::warn!(namespace, kind, name, "record not found for deletion");
         match output {
             OutputMode::Json => println!(
@@ -38,23 +55,53 @@ pub async fn run(
             ),
             _ => println!("Not found: [{}/{}] {}", namespace, kind, name),
         }
-    } else {
+        return Ok(());
-        crate::audit::log(pool, "delete", namespace, kind, name, json!({})).await;
+    };
-        match output {
+
-            OutputMode::Json => println!(
+    // Snapshot before physical delete so the row can be restored via rollback.
-                "{}",
+    if let Err(e) = db::snapshot_history(
-                serde_json::to_string_pretty(
+        &mut tx,
-                    &json!({"action":"deleted","namespace":namespace,"kind":kind,"name":name})
+        db::SnapshotParams {
-                )?
+            secret_id: row.id,
-            ),
+            namespace,
-            OutputMode::JsonCompact => println!(
+            kind,
-                "{}",
+            name,
-                serde_json::to_string(
+            version: row.version,
-                    &json!({"action":"deleted","namespace":namespace,"kind":kind,"name":name})
+            action: "delete",
-                )?
+            tags: &row.tags,
-            ),
+            metadata: &row.metadata,
-            _ => println!("Deleted: [{}/{}] {}", namespace, kind, name),
+            encrypted: &row.encrypted,
-        }
+        },
+    )
+    .await
+    {
+        tracing::warn!(error = %e, "failed to snapshot history before delete");
     }
+
+    sqlx::query("DELETE FROM secrets WHERE id = $1")
+        .bind(row.id)
+        .execute(&mut *tx)
+        .await?;
+
+    crate::audit::log_tx(&mut tx, "delete", namespace, kind, name, json!({})).await;
+
+    tx.commit().await?;
+
+    match output {
+        OutputMode::Json => println!(
+            "{}",
+            serde_json::to_string_pretty(
+                &json!({"action":"deleted","namespace":namespace,"kind":kind,"name":name})
+            )?
+        ),
+        OutputMode::JsonCompact => println!(
+            "{}",
+            serde_json::to_string(
+                &json!({"action":"deleted","namespace":namespace,"kind":kind,"name":name})
+            )?
+        ),
+        _ => println!("Deleted: [{}/{}] {}", namespace, kind, name),
+    }
+
     Ok(())
 }

src/commands/mod.rs

@@ -2,5 +2,7 @@ pub mod add;
 pub mod config;
 pub mod delete;
 pub mod init;
+pub mod rollback;
+pub mod run;
 pub mod search;
 pub mod update;

src/commands/rollback.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+use anyhow::Result;
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use sqlx::{FromRow, PgPool};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+use crate::output::OutputMode;
+
+#[derive(FromRow)]
+struct HistoryRow {
+    secret_id: Uuid,
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    namespace: String,
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    kind: String,
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    name: String,
+    version: i64,
+    action: String,
+    tags: Vec<String>,
+    metadata: Value,
+    encrypted: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+pub struct RollbackArgs<'a> {
+    pub namespace: &'a str,
+    pub kind: &'a str,
+    pub name: &'a str,
+    /// Target version to restore. None → restore the most recent history entry.
+    pub to_version: Option<i64>,
+    pub output: OutputMode,
+}
+
+pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: RollbackArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<()> {
+    let snap: Option<HistoryRow> = if let Some(ver) = args.to_version {
+        sqlx::query_as(
+            "SELECT secret_id, namespace, kind, name, version, action, tags, metadata, encrypted \
+             FROM secrets_history \
+             WHERE namespace = $1 AND kind = $2 AND name = $3 AND version = $4 \
+             ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1",
+        )
+        .bind(args.namespace)
+        .bind(args.kind)
+        .bind(args.name)
+        .bind(ver)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await?
+    } else {
+        sqlx::query_as(
+            "SELECT secret_id, namespace, kind, name, version, action, tags, metadata, encrypted \
+             FROM secrets_history \
+             WHERE namespace = $1 AND kind = $2 AND name = $3 \
+             ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1",
+        )
+        .bind(args.namespace)
+        .bind(args.kind)
+        .bind(args.name)
+        .fetch_optional(pool)
+        .await?
+    };
+
+    let snap = snap.ok_or_else(|| {
+        anyhow::anyhow!(
+            "No history found for [{}/{}] {}{}.",
+            args.namespace,
+            args.kind,
+            args.name,
+            args.to_version
+                .map(|v| format!(" at version {}", v))
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+        )
+    })?;
+
+    // Validate encrypted blob is non-trivial (re-encrypt guard).
+    if !snap.encrypted.is_empty() {
+        // Probe decrypt to ensure the blob is valid before restoring.
+        crate::crypto::decrypt_json(master_key, &snap.encrypted)?;
+    }
+
+    let mut tx = pool.begin().await?;
+
+    // Snapshot current live row (if it exists) before overwriting.
+    #[derive(sqlx::FromRow)]
+    struct LiveRow {
+        id: Uuid,
+        version: i64,
+        tags: Vec<String>,
+        metadata: Value,
+        encrypted: Vec<u8>,
+    }
+    let live: Option<LiveRow> = sqlx::query_as(
+        "SELECT id, version, tags, metadata, encrypted FROM secrets \
+         WHERE namespace = $1 AND kind = $2 AND name = $3 FOR UPDATE",
+    )
+    .bind(args.namespace)
+    .bind(args.kind)
+    .bind(args.name)
+    .fetch_optional(&mut *tx)
+    .await?;
+
+    if let Some(lr) = live
+        && let Err(e) = crate::db::snapshot_history(
+            &mut tx,
+            crate::db::SnapshotParams {
+                secret_id: lr.id,
+                namespace: args.namespace,
+                kind: args.kind,
+                name: args.name,
+                version: lr.version,
+                action: "rollback",
+                tags: &lr.tags,
+                metadata: &lr.metadata,
+                encrypted: &lr.encrypted,
+            },
+        )
+        .await
+    {
+        tracing::warn!(error = %e, "failed to snapshot current row before rollback");
+    }
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        "INSERT INTO secrets (id, namespace, kind, name, tags, metadata, encrypted, version, updated_at) \
+         VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, NOW()) \
+         ON CONFLICT (namespace, kind, name) DO UPDATE SET \
+             tags       = EXCLUDED.tags, \
+             metadata   = EXCLUDED.metadata, \
+             encrypted  = EXCLUDED.encrypted, \
+             version    = secrets.version + 1, \
+             updated_at = NOW()",
+    )
+    .bind(snap.secret_id)
+    .bind(args.namespace)
+    .bind(args.kind)
+    .bind(args.name)
+    .bind(&snap.tags)
+    .bind(&snap.metadata)
+    .bind(&snap.encrypted)
+    .bind(snap.version)
+    .execute(&mut *tx)
+    .await?;
+
+    crate::audit::log_tx(
+        &mut tx,
+        "rollback",
+        args.namespace,
+        args.kind,
+        args.name,
+        json!({
+            "restored_version": snap.version,
+            "original_action": snap.action,
+        }),
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    tx.commit().await?;
+
+    let result_json = json!({
+        "action": "rolled_back",
+        "namespace": args.namespace,
+        "kind": args.kind,
+        "name": args.name,
+        "restored_version": snap.version,
+    });
+
+    match args.output {
+        OutputMode::Json => println!("{}", serde_json::to_string_pretty(&result_json)?),
+        OutputMode::JsonCompact => println!("{}", serde_json::to_string(&result_json)?),
+        _ => println!(
+            "Rolled back: [{}/{}] {} → version {}",
+            args.namespace, args.kind, args.name, snap.version
+        ),
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// List history entries for a record.
+pub async fn list_history(
+    pool: &PgPool,
+    namespace: &str,
+    kind: &str,
+    name: &str,
+    limit: u32,
+    output: OutputMode,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    #[derive(FromRow)]
+    struct HistorySummary {
+        version: i64,
+        action: String,
+        actor: String,
+        created_at: chrono::DateTime<chrono::Utc>,
+    }
+
+    let rows: Vec<HistorySummary> = sqlx::query_as(
+        "SELECT version, action, actor, created_at FROM secrets_history \
+         WHERE namespace = $1 AND kind = $2 AND name = $3 \
+         ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT $4",
+    )
+    .bind(namespace)
+    .bind(kind)
+    .bind(name)
+    .bind(limit as i64)
+    .fetch_all(pool)
+    .await?;
+
+    match output {
+        OutputMode::Json | OutputMode::JsonCompact => {
+            let arr: Vec<Value> = rows
+                .iter()
+                .map(|r| {
+                    json!({
+                        "version": r.version,
+                        "action": r.action,
+                        "actor": r.actor,
+                        "created_at": r.created_at.format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ").to_string(),
+                    })
+                })
+                .collect();
+            let out = if output == OutputMode::Json {
+                serde_json::to_string_pretty(&arr)?
+            } else {
+                serde_json::to_string(&arr)?
+            };
+            println!("{}", out);
+        }
+        _ => {
+            if rows.is_empty() {
+                println!("No history found for [{}/{}] {}.", namespace, kind, name);
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            println!("History for [{}/{}] {}:", namespace, kind, name);
+            for r in &rows {
+                println!(
+                    "  v{:<4}  {:8}  {}  {}",
+                    r.version,
+                    r.action,
+                    r.actor,
+                    r.created_at.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC")
+                );
+            }
+            println!("  (use `secrets rollback --to-version <N>` to restore)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

src/commands/run.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+use anyhow::Result;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use sqlx::PgPool;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::commands::search::build_env_map;
+use crate::output::OutputMode;
+
+pub struct InjectArgs<'a> {
+    pub namespace: Option<&'a str>,
+    pub kind: Option<&'a str>,
+    pub name: Option<&'a str>,
+    pub tags: &'a [String],
+    /// Prefix to prepend to every variable name. Empty string means no prefix.
+    pub prefix: &'a str,
+    pub output: OutputMode,
+}
+
+pub struct RunArgs<'a> {
+    pub namespace: Option<&'a str>,
+    pub kind: Option<&'a str>,
+    pub name: Option<&'a str>,
+    pub tags: &'a [String],
+    pub prefix: &'a str,
+    /// The command and its arguments to execute with injected secrets.
+    pub command: &'a [String],
+}
+
+/// Fetch secrets matching the filter and build a flat env map.
+/// Metadata and secret fields are merged; naming: `<PREFIX_><NAME>_<KEY>` (uppercased).
+pub async fn collect_env_map(
+    pool: &PgPool,
+    namespace: Option<&str>,
+    kind: Option<&str>,
+    name: Option<&str>,
+    tags: &[String],
+    prefix: &str,
+    master_key: &[u8; 32],
+) -> Result<HashMap<String, String>> {
+    if namespace.is_none() && kind.is_none() && name.is_none() && tags.is_empty() {
+        anyhow::bail!(
+            "At least one filter (--namespace, --kind, --name, or --tag) is required for inject/run"
+        );
+    }
+    let rows = crate::commands::search::fetch_rows(pool, namespace, kind, name, tags, None).await?;
+    if rows.is_empty() {
+        anyhow::bail!("No records matched the given filters.");
+    }
+    let mut map = HashMap::new();
+    for row in &rows {
+        let row_map = build_env_map(row, prefix, Some(master_key))?;
+        for (k, v) in row_map {
+            map.insert(k, v);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(map)
+}
+
+/// `inject` command: print env vars to stdout (suitable for `eval $(...)` or export).
+pub async fn run_inject(pool: &PgPool, args: InjectArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<()> {
+    let env_map = collect_env_map(
+        pool,
+        args.namespace,
+        args.kind,
+        args.name,
+        args.tags,
+        args.prefix,
+        master_key,
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    match args.output {
+        OutputMode::Json => {
+            let obj: serde_json::Map<String, Value> = env_map
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(k, v)| (k, Value::String(v)))
+                .collect();
+            println!("{}", serde_json::to_string_pretty(&Value::Object(obj))?);
+        }
+        OutputMode::JsonCompact => {
+            let obj: serde_json::Map<String, Value> = env_map
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(k, v)| (k, Value::String(v)))
+                .collect();
+            println!("{}", serde_json::to_string(&Value::Object(obj))?);
+        }
+        _ => {
+            // Shell-safe KEY=VALUE output, one per line.
+            let mut pairs: Vec<(String, String)> = env_map.into_iter().collect();
+            pairs.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0));
+            for (k, v) in pairs {
+                println!("{}={}", k, shell_quote(&v));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// `run` command: inject secrets into a child process environment and execute.
+pub async fn run_exec(pool: &PgPool, args: RunArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<()> {
+    if args.command.is_empty() {
+        anyhow::bail!(
+            "No command specified. Usage: secrets run [filter flags] -- <command> [args]"
+        );
+    }
+
+    let env_map = collect_env_map(
+        pool,
+        args.namespace,
+        args.kind,
+        args.name,
+        args.tags,
+        args.prefix,
+        master_key,
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    tracing::debug!(
+        vars = env_map.len(),
+        cmd = args.command[0].as_str(),
+        "injecting secrets into child process"
+    );
+
+    let status = std::process::Command::new(&args.command[0])
+        .args(&args.command[1..])
+        .envs(&env_map)
+        .status()
+        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to execute '{}': {}", args.command[0], e))?;
+
+    if !status.success() {
+        let code = status.code().unwrap_or(1);
+        std::process::exit(code);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Quote a value for safe shell output. Wraps the value in single quotes,
+/// escaping any single quotes within the value.
+fn shell_quote(s: &str) -> String {
+    format!("'{}'", s.replace('\'', "'\\''"))
+}

src/commands/search.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use sqlx::PgPool;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use crate::crypto;
 use crate::models::Secret;
@@ -22,88 +23,20 @@ pub struct SearchArgs<'a> {
 }
 
 pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: SearchArgs<'_>, master_key: Option<&[u8; 32]>) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut conditions: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    let rows = fetch_rows_paged(
-    let mut idx: i32 = 1;
+        pool,
-
+        PagedFetchArgs {
-    if args.namespace.is_some() {
+            namespace: args.namespace,
-        conditions.push(format!("namespace = ${}", idx));
+            kind: args.kind,
-        idx += 1;
+            name: args.name,
-    }
+            tags: args.tags,
-    if args.kind.is_some() {
+            query: args.query,
-        conditions.push(format!("kind = ${}", idx));
+            sort: args.sort,
-        idx += 1;
+            limit: args.limit,
-    }
+            offset: args.offset,
-    if args.name.is_some() {
+        },
-        conditions.push(format!("name = ${}", idx));
+    )
-        idx += 1;
+    .await?;
-    }
-    if !args.tags.is_empty() {
-        // Use PostgreSQL array containment: tags @> ARRAY[$n, $m, ...] means all specified tags must be present
-        let placeholders: Vec<String> = args
-            .tags
-            .iter()
-            .map(|_| {
-                let p = format!("${}", idx);
-                idx += 1;
-                p
-            })
-            .collect();
-        conditions.push(format!("tags @> ARRAY[{}]", placeholders.join(", ")));
-    }
-    if args.query.is_some() {
-        conditions.push(format!(
-            "(name ILIKE ${i} ESCAPE '\\' OR namespace ILIKE ${i} ESCAPE '\\' OR kind ILIKE ${i} ESCAPE '\\' OR metadata::text ILIKE ${i} ESCAPE '\\' OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM unnest(tags) t WHERE t ILIKE ${i} ESCAPE '\\'))",
-            i = idx
-        ));
-        idx += 1;
-    }
-
-    let where_clause = if conditions.is_empty() {
-        String::new()
-    } else {
-        format!("WHERE {}", conditions.join(" AND "))
-    };
-
-    let order = match args.sort {
-        "updated" => "updated_at DESC",
-        "created" => "created_at DESC",
-        _ => "namespace, kind, name",
-    };
-
-    let sql = format!(
-        "SELECT * FROM secrets {} ORDER BY {} LIMIT ${} OFFSET ${}",
-        where_clause,
-        order,
-        idx,
-        idx + 1
-    );
-
-    tracing::debug!(sql, "executing search query");
-
-    let mut q = sqlx::query_as::<_, Secret>(&sql);
-    if let Some(v) = args.namespace {
-        q = q.bind(v);
-    }
-    if let Some(v) = args.kind {
-        q = q.bind(v);
-    }
-    if let Some(v) = args.name {
-        q = q.bind(v);
-    }
-    for v in args.tags {
-        q = q.bind(v.as_str());
-    }
-    if let Some(v) = args.query {
-        q = q.bind(format!(
-            "%{}%",
-            v.replace('\\', "\\\\")
-                .replace('%', "\\%")
-                .replace('_', "\\_")
-        ));
-    }
-    q = q.bind(args.limit as i64).bind(args.offset as i64);
-
-    let rows = q.fetch_all(pool).await?;
 
     // -f/--field: extract specific field values directly
     if !args.fields.is_empty() {
@@ -131,7 +64,12 @@ pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: SearchArgs<'_>, master_key: Option<&[u8; 3
                 );
             }
             if let Some(row) = rows.first() {
-                print_env(row, args.show_secrets, master_key)?;
+                let map = build_env_map(row, "", master_key)?;
+                let mut pairs: Vec<(String, String)> = map.into_iter().collect();
+                pairs.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0));
+                for (k, v) in pairs {
+                    println!("{}={}", k, shell_quote(&v));
+                }
             } else {
                 eprintln!("No records found.");
             }
@@ -158,8 +96,195 @@ pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: SearchArgs<'_>, master_key: Option<&[u8; 3
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Fetch rows with simple equality/tag filters (no pagination). Used by inject/run.
+pub async fn fetch_rows(
+    pool: &PgPool,
+    namespace: Option<&str>,
+    kind: Option<&str>,
+    name: Option<&str>,
+    tags: &[String],
+    query: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<Vec<Secret>> {
+    fetch_rows_paged(
+        pool,
+        PagedFetchArgs {
+            namespace,
+            kind,
+            name,
+            tags,
+            query,
+            sort: "name",
+            limit: 200,
+            offset: 0,
+        },
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+/// Arguments for the internal paged fetch. Grouped to avoid too-many-arguments lint.
+struct PagedFetchArgs<'a> {
+    namespace: Option<&'a str>,
+    kind: Option<&'a str>,
+    name: Option<&'a str>,
+    tags: &'a [String],
+    query: Option<&'a str>,
+    sort: &'a str,
+    limit: u32,
+    offset: u32,
+}
+
+async fn fetch_rows_paged(pool: &PgPool, a: PagedFetchArgs<'_>) -> Result<Vec<Secret>> {
+    let mut conditions: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    let mut idx: i32 = 1;
+
+    if a.namespace.is_some() {
+        conditions.push(format!("namespace = ${}", idx));
+        idx += 1;
+    }
+    if a.kind.is_some() {
+        conditions.push(format!("kind = ${}", idx));
+        idx += 1;
+    }
+    if a.name.is_some() {
+        conditions.push(format!("name = ${}", idx));
+        idx += 1;
+    }
+    if !a.tags.is_empty() {
+        let placeholders: Vec<String> = a
+            .tags
+            .iter()
+            .map(|_| {
+                let p = format!("${}", idx);
+                idx += 1;
+                p
+            })
+            .collect();
+        conditions.push(format!("tags @> ARRAY[{}]", placeholders.join(", ")));
+    }
+    if a.query.is_some() {
+        conditions.push(format!(
+            "(name ILIKE ${i} ESCAPE '\\' OR namespace ILIKE ${i} ESCAPE '\\' OR kind ILIKE ${i} ESCAPE '\\' OR metadata::text ILIKE ${i} ESCAPE '\\' OR EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM unnest(tags) t WHERE t ILIKE ${i} ESCAPE '\\'))",
+            i = idx
+        ));
+        idx += 1;
+    }
+
+    let where_clause = if conditions.is_empty() {
+        String::new()
+    } else {
+        format!("WHERE {}", conditions.join(" AND "))
+    };
+
+    let order = match a.sort {
+        "updated" => "updated_at DESC",
+        "created" => "created_at DESC",
+        _ => "namespace, kind, name",
+    };
+
+    let sql = format!(
+        "SELECT * FROM secrets {} ORDER BY {} LIMIT ${} OFFSET ${}",
+        where_clause,
+        order,
+        idx,
+        idx + 1
+    );
+
+    tracing::debug!(sql, "executing search query");
+
+    let mut q = sqlx::query_as::<_, Secret>(&sql);
+    if let Some(v) = a.namespace {
+        q = q.bind(v);
+    }
+    if let Some(v) = a.kind {
+        q = q.bind(v);
+    }
+    if let Some(v) = a.name {
+        q = q.bind(v);
+    }
+    for v in a.tags {
+        q = q.bind(v.as_str());
+    }
+    if let Some(v) = a.query {
+        q = q.bind(format!(
+            "%{}%",
+            v.replace('\\', "\\\\")
+                .replace('%', "\\%")
+                .replace('_', "\\_")
+        ));
+    }
+    q = q.bind(a.limit as i64).bind(a.offset as i64);
+
+    let rows = q.fetch_all(pool).await?;
+    Ok(rows)
+}
+
+/// Build a flat `KEY=VALUE` map from a record's metadata and decrypted secrets.
+/// Variable names: `<PREFIX><NAME>_<FIELD>` (all uppercased, hyphens/dots → underscores).
+/// If `prefix` is empty, the name segment alone is used as the prefix.
+pub fn build_env_map(
+    row: &Secret,
+    prefix: &str,
+    master_key: Option<&[u8; 32]>,
+) -> Result<HashMap<String, String>> {
+    let name_part = row.name.to_uppercase().replace(['-', '.', ' '], "_");
+    let effective_prefix = if prefix.is_empty() {
+        name_part
+    } else {
+        format!(
+            "{}_{}",
+            prefix.to_uppercase().replace(['-', '.', ' '], "_"),
+            name_part
+        )
+    };
+
+    let mut map = HashMap::new();
+
+    if let Some(meta) = row.metadata.as_object() {
+        for (k, v) in meta {
+            let key = format!(
+                "{}_{}",
+                effective_prefix,
+                k.to_uppercase().replace(['-', '.'], "_")
+            );
+            map.insert(key, json_value_to_env_string(v));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(master_key) = master_key
+        && !row.encrypted.is_empty()
+    {
+        let decrypted = crypto::decrypt_json(master_key, &row.encrypted)?;
+        if let Some(enc) = decrypted.as_object() {
+            for (k, v) in enc {
+                let key = format!(
+                    "{}_{}",
+                    effective_prefix,
+                    k.to_uppercase().replace(['-', '.'], "_")
+                );
+                map.insert(key, json_value_to_env_string(v));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(map)
+}
+
+/// Quote a value for safe shell / env output. Wraps in single quotes,
+/// escaping any single quotes within the value.
+fn shell_quote(s: &str) -> String {
+    format!("'{}'", s.replace('\'', "'\\''"))
+}
+
+/// Convert a JSON value to its string representation suitable for env vars.
+fn json_value_to_env_string(v: &Value) -> String {
+    match v {
+        Value::String(s) => s.clone(),
+        Value::Null => String::new(),
+        other => other.to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
 /// Decrypt the encrypted blob for a row. Returns an empty object on empty blobs.
-/// Returns an error value on decrypt failure (so callers can decide how to handle).
 fn try_decrypt(row: &Secret, master_key: Option<&[u8; 32]>) -> Result<Value> {
     if row.encrypted.is_empty() {
         return Ok(Value::Object(Default::default()));
@@ -211,10 +336,12 @@ fn to_json(
         "tags": row.tags,
         "metadata": row.metadata,
         "secrets": secrets_val,
+        "version": row.version,
         "created_at": row.created_at.format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ").to_string(),
         "updated_at": row.updated_at.format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ").to_string(),
     })
 }
+
 fn print_text(
     row: &Secret,
     show_secrets: bool,
@@ -267,30 +394,9 @@ fn print_text(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn print_env(row: &Secret, show_secrets: bool, master_key: Option<&[u8; 32]>) -> Result<()> {
-    let prefix = row.name.to_uppercase().replace(['-', '.'], "_");
-    if let Some(meta) = row.metadata.as_object() {
-        for (k, v) in meta {
-            let key = format!("{}_{}", prefix, k.to_uppercase().replace('-', "_"));
-            println!("{}={}", key, v.as_str().unwrap_or(&v.to_string()));
-        }
-    }
-    if show_secrets {
-        let decrypted = try_decrypt(row, master_key)?;
-        if let Some(enc) = decrypted.as_object() {
-            for (k, v) in enc {
-                let key = format!("{}_{}", prefix, k.to_uppercase().replace('-', "_"));
-                println!("{}={}", key, v.as_str().unwrap_or(&v.to_string()));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 /// Extract one or more field paths like `metadata.url` or `secret.token`.
 fn print_fields(rows: &[Secret], fields: &[String], master_key: Option<&[u8; 32]>) -> Result<()> {
     for row in rows {
-        // Decrypt once per row if any field requires it
         let decrypted: Option<Value> = if fields
             .iter()
             .any(|f| f.starts_with("secret") || f.starts_with("encrypted"))

src/commands/update.rs

@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ use uuid::Uuid;
 
 use super::add::parse_kv;
 use crate::crypto;
+use crate::db;
 use crate::output::OutputMode;
 
 #[derive(FromRow)]
 struct UpdateRow {
     id: Uuid,
+    version: i64,
     tags: Vec<String>,
     metadata: Value,
     encrypted: Vec<u8>,
@@ -29,17 +31,18 @@ pub struct UpdateArgs<'a> {
 }
 
 pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: UpdateArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut tx = pool.begin().await?;
+
     let row: Option<UpdateRow> = sqlx::query_as(
-        r#"
+        "SELECT id, version, tags, metadata, encrypted \
-        SELECT id, tags, metadata, encrypted
+         FROM secrets \
-        FROM secrets
+         WHERE namespace = $1 AND kind = $2 AND name = $3 \
-        WHERE namespace = $1 AND kind = $2 AND name = $3
+         FOR UPDATE",
-        "#,
     )
     .bind(args.namespace)
     .bind(args.kind)
     .bind(args.name)
-    .fetch_optional(pool)
+    .fetch_optional(&mut *tx)
     .await?;
 
     let row = row.ok_or_else(|| {
@@ -51,6 +54,26 @@ pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: UpdateArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) ->
         )
     })?;
 
+    // Snapshot current state before modifying.
+    if let Err(e) = db::snapshot_history(
+        &mut tx,
+        db::SnapshotParams {
+            secret_id: row.id,
+            namespace: args.namespace,
+            kind: args.kind,
+            name: args.name,
+            version: row.version,
+            action: "update",
+            tags: &row.tags,
+            metadata: &row.metadata,
+            encrypted: &row.encrypted,
+        },
+    )
+    .await
+    {
+        tracing::warn!(error = %e, "failed to snapshot history before update");
+    }
+
     // Merge tags
     let mut tags: Vec<String> = row.tags;
     for t in args.add_tags {
@@ -67,7 +90,7 @@ pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: UpdateArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) ->
     };
     for entry in args.meta_entries {
         let (key, value) = parse_kv(entry)?;
-        meta_map.insert(key, Value::String(value));
+        meta_map.insert(key, value);
     }
     for key in args.remove_meta {
         meta_map.remove(key);
@@ -86,7 +109,7 @@ pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: UpdateArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) ->
     };
     for entry in args.secret_entries {
         let (key, value) = parse_kv(entry)?;
-        enc_map.insert(key, Value::String(value));
+        enc_map.insert(key, value);
     }
     for key in args.remove_secrets {
         enc_map.remove(key);
@@ -101,33 +124,43 @@ pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: UpdateArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) ->
         "updating record"
     );
 
-    sqlx::query(
+    // CAS: update only if version hasn't changed (FOR UPDATE lock ensures this).
-        r#"
+    let result = sqlx::query(
-        UPDATE secrets
+        "UPDATE secrets \
-        SET tags = $1, metadata = $2, encrypted = $3, updated_at = NOW()
+         SET tags = $1, metadata = $2, encrypted = $3, version = version + 1, updated_at = NOW() \
-        WHERE id = $4
+         WHERE id = $4 AND version = $5",
-        "#,
     )
     .bind(&tags)
-    .bind(metadata)
+    .bind(&metadata)
-    .bind(encrypted_bytes)
+    .bind(&encrypted_bytes)
     .bind(row.id)
-    .execute(pool)
+    .bind(row.version)
+    .execute(&mut *tx)
     .await?;
 
+    if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
+        tx.rollback().await?;
+        anyhow::bail!(
+            "Concurrent modification detected for [{}/{}] {}. Please retry.",
+            args.namespace,
+            args.kind,
+            args.name
+        );
+    }
+
     let meta_keys: Vec<&str> = args
         .meta_entries
         .iter()
-        .filter_map(|s| s.split_once('=').map(|(k, _)| k))
+        .filter_map(|s| s.split_once(['=', ':']).map(|(k, _)| k))
         .collect();
     let secret_keys: Vec<&str> = args
         .secret_entries
         .iter()
-        .filter_map(|s| s.split_once('=').map(|(k, _)| k))
+        .filter_map(|s| s.split_once(['=', ':']).map(|(k, _)| k))
         .collect();
 
-    crate::audit::log(
+    crate::audit::log_tx(
-        pool,
+        &mut tx,
         "update",
         args.namespace,
         args.kind,
@@ -143,6 +176,8 @@ pub async fn run(pool: &PgPool, args: UpdateArgs<'_>, master_key: &[u8; 32]) ->
     )
     .await;
 
+    tx.commit().await?;
+
     let result_json = json!({
         "action": "updated",
         "namespace": args.namespace,

src/db.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ pub async fn migrate(pool: &PgPool) -> Result<()> {
             tags        TEXT[]       NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
             metadata    JSONB        NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
             encrypted   BYTEA        NOT NULL DEFAULT '\x',
+            version     BIGINT       NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
             created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ  NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
             updated_at  TIMESTAMPTZ  NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
             UNIQUE(namespace, kind, name)
@@ -36,6 +37,11 @@ pub async fn migrate(pool: &PgPool) -> Result<()> {
         EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN NULL;
         END $$;
 
+        DO $$ BEGIN
+            ALTER TABLE secrets ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS version BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1;
+        EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN NULL;
+        END $$;
+
         -- Migrate encrypted column from JSONB to BYTEA if still JSONB type.
         -- After migration, old plaintext rows will have their JSONB data
         -- stored as raw bytes (UTF-8 encoded).
@@ -79,6 +85,26 @@ pub async fn migrate(pool: &PgPool) -> Result<()> {
 
         CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_audit_log_created ON audit_log(created_at DESC);
         CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_audit_log_ns_kind ON audit_log(namespace, kind);
+
+        -- History table: snapshot of secrets before each write operation.
+        -- Supports rollback to any prior version via `secrets rollback`.
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS secrets_history (
+            id          BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+            secret_id   UUID         NOT NULL,
+            namespace   VARCHAR(64)  NOT NULL,
+            kind        VARCHAR(64)  NOT NULL,
+            name        VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
+            version     BIGINT       NOT NULL,
+            action      VARCHAR(16)  NOT NULL,
+            tags        TEXT[]       NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+            metadata    JSONB        NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+            encrypted   BYTEA        NOT NULL DEFAULT '\x',
+            actor       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+            created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ  NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+        );
+
+        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_history_secret_id ON secrets_history(secret_id, version DESC);
+        CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_history_ns_kind_name ON secrets_history(namespace, kind, name, version DESC);
         "#,
     )
     .execute(pool)
@@ -87,6 +113,47 @@ pub async fn migrate(pool: &PgPool) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Snapshot parameters grouped to avoid too-many-arguments lint.
+pub struct SnapshotParams<'a> {
+    pub secret_id: uuid::Uuid,
+    pub namespace: &'a str,
+    pub kind: &'a str,
+    pub name: &'a str,
+    pub version: i64,
+    pub action: &'a str,
+    pub tags: &'a [String],
+    pub metadata: &'a serde_json::Value,
+    pub encrypted: &'a [u8],
+}
+
+/// Snapshot a secrets row into `secrets_history` before a write operation.
+/// `action` is one of "add", "update", "delete".
+/// Failures are non-fatal (caller should warn).
+pub async fn snapshot_history(
+    tx: &mut sqlx::Transaction<'_, sqlx::Postgres>,
+    p: SnapshotParams<'_>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let actor = std::env::var("USER").unwrap_or_default();
+    sqlx::query(
+        "INSERT INTO secrets_history \
+         (secret_id, namespace, kind, name, version, action, tags, metadata, encrypted, actor) \
+         VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10)",
+    )
+    .bind(p.secret_id)
+    .bind(p.namespace)
+    .bind(p.kind)
+    .bind(p.name)
+    .bind(p.version)
+    .bind(p.action)
+    .bind(p.tags)
+    .bind(p.metadata)
+    .bind(p.encrypted)
+    .bind(&actor)
+    .execute(&mut **tx)
+    .await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Load the Argon2id salt from the database.
 /// Returns None if not yet initialized.
 pub async fn load_argon2_salt(pool: &PgPool) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {

src/main.rs

@@ -282,6 +282,112 @@ EXAMPLES:
         #[command(subcommand)]
         action: ConfigAction,
     },
+
+    /// Show the change history for a record.
+    #[command(after_help = "EXAMPLES:
+  # Show last 20 versions for a service record
+  secrets history -n refining --kind service --name gitea
+
+  # Show last 5 versions
+  secrets history -n refining --kind service --name gitea --limit 5")]
+    History {
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        namespace: String,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        kind: String,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        name: String,
+        /// Number of history entries to show [default: 20]
+        #[arg(long, default_value = "20")]
+        limit: u32,
+        /// Output format: text (default on TTY), json, json-compact
+        #[arg(short, long = "output")]
+        output: Option<String>,
+    },
+
+    /// Roll back a record to a previous version.
+    #[command(after_help = "EXAMPLES:
+  # Roll back to the most recent snapshot (undo last change)
+  secrets rollback -n refining --kind service --name gitea
+
+  # Roll back to a specific version number
+  secrets rollback -n refining --kind service --name gitea --to-version 3")]
+    Rollback {
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        namespace: String,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        kind: String,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        name: String,
+        /// Target version to restore. Omit to restore the most recent snapshot.
+        #[arg(long)]
+        to_version: Option<i64>,
+        /// Output format: text (default on TTY), json, json-compact
+        #[arg(short, long = "output")]
+        output: Option<String>,
+    },
+
+    /// Print secrets as environment variables (stdout only, nothing persisted).
+    ///
+    /// Outputs KEY=VALUE pairs for all matched records. Safe to pipe or eval.
+    #[command(after_help = "EXAMPLES:
+  # Print env vars for a single service
+  secrets inject -n refining --kind service --name gitea
+
+  # With a custom prefix
+  secrets inject -n refining --kind service --name gitea --prefix GITEA
+
+  # JSON output (all vars as a JSON object)
+  secrets inject -n refining --kind service --name gitea -o json
+
+  # Eval into current shell (use with caution)
+  eval $(secrets inject -n refining --kind service --name gitea)")]
+    Inject {
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        namespace: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        kind: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        name: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        tag: Vec<String>,
+        /// Prefix to prepend to every variable name (uppercased automatically)
+        #[arg(long, default_value = "")]
+        prefix: String,
+        /// Output format: text/KEY=VALUE (default), json, json-compact
+        #[arg(short, long = "output")]
+        output: Option<String>,
+    },
+
+    /// Run a command with secrets injected as environment variables.
+    ///
+    /// Secrets are available only to the child process; the current shell
+    /// environment is not modified. The process exit code is propagated.
+    #[command(after_help = "EXAMPLES:
+  # Run a script with a single service's secrets injected
+  secrets run -n refining --kind service --name gitea -- ./deploy.sh
+
+  # Run with a tag filter (all matched records merged)
+  secrets run --tag production -- env | grep GITEA
+
+  # With prefix
+  secrets run -n refining --kind service --name gitea --prefix GITEA -- printenv")]
+    Run {
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        namespace: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        kind: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        name: Option<String>,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        tag: Vec<String>,
+        /// Prefix to prepend to every variable name (uppercased automatically)
+        #[arg(long, default_value = "")]
+        prefix: String,
+        /// Command and arguments to execute with injected environment
+        #[arg(last = true, required = true)]
+        command: Vec<String>,
+    },
 }
 
 #[derive(Subcommand)]
@@ -445,6 +551,89 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
             )
             .await?;
         }
+
+        Commands::History {
+            namespace,
+            kind,
+            name,
+            limit,
+            output,
+        } => {
+            let out = resolve_output_mode(output.as_deref())?;
+            commands::rollback::list_history(&pool, &namespace, &kind, &name, limit, out).await?;
+        }
+
+        Commands::Rollback {
+            namespace,
+            kind,
+            name,
+            to_version,
+            output,
+        } => {
+            let master_key = crypto::load_master_key()?;
+            let out = resolve_output_mode(output.as_deref())?;
+            commands::rollback::run(
+                &pool,
+                commands::rollback::RollbackArgs {
+                    namespace: &namespace,
+                    kind: &kind,
+                    name: &name,
+                    to_version,
+                    output: out,
+                },
+                &master_key,
+            )
+            .await?;
+        }
+
+        Commands::Inject {
+            namespace,
+            kind,
+            name,
+            tag,
+            prefix,
+            output,
+        } => {
+            let master_key = crypto::load_master_key()?;
+            let out = resolve_output_mode(output.as_deref())?;
+            commands::run::run_inject(
+                &pool,
+                commands::run::InjectArgs {
+                    namespace: namespace.as_deref(),
+                    kind: kind.as_deref(),
+                    name: name.as_deref(),
+                    tags: &tag,
+                    prefix: &prefix,
+                    output: out,
+                },
+                &master_key,
+            )
+            .await?;
+        }
+
+        Commands::Run {
+            namespace,
+            kind,
+            name,
+            tag,
+            prefix,
+            command,
+        } => {
+            let master_key = crypto::load_master_key()?;
+            commands::run::run_exec(
+                &pool,
+                commands::run::RunArgs {
+                    namespace: namespace.as_deref(),
+                    kind: kind.as_deref(),
+                    name: name.as_deref(),
+                    tags: &tag,
+                    prefix: &prefix,
+                    command: &command,
+                },
+                &master_key,
+            )
+            .await?;
+        }
     }
 
     Ok(())

src/models.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ pub struct Secret {
     /// AES-256-GCM ciphertext: nonce(12B) || ciphertext+tag
     /// Decrypt with crypto::decrypt_json() before use.
     pub encrypted: Vec<u8>,
+    pub version: i64,
     pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
     pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
 }